Hypocalcemia

 Hypocalcaemia :

Causes: 

• 1)Hypoparathyroidism.
• 2)Pseudohypoparathyroidism. 
• 3)Being born without parathyroid glands.
• 4)Hypomagnesemia. 
• 5)Vitamin D Deficiency. 
• 6)Kidney issues. 
• 7)Calcium deficiency. 
• 8)Pancreatitis.

Clinical Features:

• 1) Tetany 
  
• 2) convulsion 
• 3) Papilledema
• 4)Muscle weakness 
• 5) paresthesia

Investigations :

• 1) Serum Calcium 
• 2) serum electrolyte 
• 3)PTH 
• 4) serum lipase & amylase 

Rx:

if symptoms are mild :

• oral calcium.. 5mmol.......6hourly
  

If Ca+: less 2.2 mmol/l

• Inj.calcium gluconate 1 amp+ 10ml D/W, I/V-very slowly over 15 min.

Treatment of underlying cause 

Advice : 

• Eat Calcium containing food