Temperature

Range of Temperature :

• 1. Normal body Tem= 36.6 - 37.2° C = 98-99° F
• 2. Subnormal = less then 36° C = Less then 98° F 
  
• 3.Febrile = > 37.2° C = >99°F 
• 4. Hyperpyrexia = > 41.6° C = > 107° F 
• 5. Hypothermia = less the 35° C = Less then 95° F 

Temperature Type:

• 1. Core Tem : seen in Oral cavity & Rectum 
• 2.Body or Surface Tem : seen in axilla & groin 

pattern of fever in some diseases::-

• 1. Kala-azar :- Double rise temperature 
• 2. Typhoid fever :- Step-ladder pattern 
• 3. Dengue fever;- Biphasic /hunch back 
• 4.P.vivax & ovale : Benign tertian 

Causes of evening rise of temperature: 

• 1. Tuberculosis: evening rise with sweating 
  
• 2. malaria : evening rise tem with shivering 

Types of Fever :

1. Continued Fever:-

when the fever does not fluctuate more than about 1°C during 24 hours but never touches the baseline is called continued fever. 

Causes ::- 

• a. Typhoid fever 
• b.miliary TB
• c.Lobar pneumonia 

2. Remittent Fever::-

When daily Fluctuations tem exceeds 2°C called remittent fever .

Causes:

• a.Amoebic liver abscess
• b. Lung abscess
• c. Collection pus in tissue 

3. Intermittent Fever:

When the fever is present only for several hours during the day is called intermittent fever .

Types of intermittent fever:

A.Quotidian fever: when intermittent fever occurs daily is called quotidian fever.

• example- Kala-azar

B.Tertian fever:-When fever comes on alternative day ,its called tertian fever.

• Example- P.Vivax & P.Ovale malaria 

C.Quartan fever:-when two days interval between two consecutive attacks its called quartan fever .

• Example- P.malariae 

The definition of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) dates back to 1961; it was described as a persistent fever above 38.3°C (100°F) that evades diagnosis for at least 3 weeks, including 1 week of investigation in the hospital.

Causes: 

1. Infections - 

• i) TB (esp. lymph gland) 
• ii) Endocarditis (e.g. Q fever) 
• iii) Abscesses - (Liver, pelvic) 
• iv) Malaria - esp. if suppressed by prophylaxis
• v) Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar)

2. Malignant disease 

• i) Reticuloses (e.g. Hodgkin's lymphoma)
  
• ii) Hypernephroma 

3.Connective tissue disease - 

• i) Poly arteritis nodosa 
• i) Systemic lupus erythematosus 

4. Miscellaneous: 

• i) Drug fever (esp. Beta-lactam antibiotics)
  
• ii) Thrombophlebitis | 
• iii) Factitious fever (self-induced) 
• iv) Familial Mediterranean fever