Anaemia

Definition of Anemia :

Anaemia may be defined as a state in which the blood Hb,level is below the normal range for the patient s age & sex. (Ref:Davidson's)

Normal level:

• Male--13-18 gm/dl
• Female ----- 11.5-16-5 gm/dl 
• At birth --- 20-23 mg/dl 
• Children --- 16-19 mg/dl 

 Site where anaemia is seen :..

• 1) Lower palpebral conjunctiva 
• 2) Dorsum of the tongue 
• 3) Buccal mucous membrane 
• 4)Nail bed 
• 5) plam of the hand 
• 6) Sole of the feet 

( Anaemia must be compares with both side)

Important signs & symptoms of anaemia:

 Fe-deficiency anaemia: 

• 1)Koilonychia 
• 2) Loss of hair 
• 3) Dysphagia 
• 4)Papillae are atrophied 
• 5) Palpitation 
• 6) Glossitis 

 Haemolytic anaemia 

• 1)Mild jaundice 
• 2)Splenomegaly 

🏵️Past haemorrhagic anaemia: History of acute/chronic_blood loss 

Cause of chronic blood loss 

• 1)Bleeding peptic ulcer 
• 2)Hook warm infestation 
• 3) Bleeding from oesophageal varices 
• 4) Chronic. aspirin intake 
• 5) Ca. Stomach 
• 6)Bleeding disorder 
• 7)Bliceding piles 

Aplastic anaemia:

• 1)Severe anaemia 
• 2) Inflections , fever (leucopenia)

Classification of Anaemia : 

A) Haemorrhagic Anaemia 

B) Impaired Red blood cell production :

•  Iron Deficiency Anaemia 
  
• Megaloblastic Anaemia 
  
•  Aplastic Anaemia
  

C) Haemohytic Anaemia